Overview: The Case for Rail Decarbonisation
On track to 2050
The journey towards a ‘Net Zero’ economy by 2050 is an ambitious yet exciting challenge for the UK. While the rail industry contributes less than 1% of the nation’s total annual greenhouse gas emissions, it plays an integral role in the pursuit for sustainability. As the only mass transport system, currently, capable of moving both passengers and freight using emissions-free infrastructure, railways are poised to play a pivotal role in the decarbonisation of our economy.
At present, only around half of the track network in the UK is electrified, so there is significant scope to extend this to 100%, as new technology electric trains are proven to provide a cleaner alternative to legacy self-powered locomotives, which are far heavier. Electric trains draw their power from batteries and overhead power cables, making them lighter and faster. Industry analysis also suggests that the maintenance and leasing costs of electric trains are typically around 30% lower than diesel trains, providing a significant cost advantage.
Electrification also offers benefits for freight, as electric locomotives are typically twice as powerful as diesel variants, enabling heavier loads to be carried more sustainably. Currently, electricity provides only 4% of the energy for UK rail freight compared with 56% in continental Europe. Studies have shown that an electrification programme of around 700 single track kilometres (STK) would enable about 70% of rail freight to be transported electrically.
More recently, from an operator perspective, the Rail Safety & Standards Board launched The Sustainable Rail Blueprint, again at the instruction of the Government, which is the rail sector’s first unified framework for realising sustainable rail, providing a whole-industry view as far ahead as 2050.
Prior to the pandemic, the Government challenged the rail industry to remove all diesel-powered trains from the network by 2040. In Scotland, this target was set at 2035. In response, the rail industry has collaborated under the co-ordination of the System Operator, to assess the issues and options for removing all diesel trains from the rail network. This resulted in the Traction Decarbonisation Network Strategy (TDNS) being published by Network Rail in 2020, which began a cross-industry momentum to address the inherent challenges of removing emissions from the rail network.
Social
Decarbonisation enhances the quality of life for communities living near rail lines. Electrification and quieter, cleaner trains reduce noise pollution and improve air quality.
Energy resilience
Renewable energy sources offer greater energy resilience. By harnessing these, the rail sector becomes less reliant on fossil fuels and the volatility of energy markets. This translates into a more dependable energy supply for rail operations.
Sustainability
Decarbonisation aligns with the UK's sustainability goals, helping the country meet its carbon reduction targets. Sustainable rail systems play a pivotal role in lowering the nation's carbon footprint, contributing to a greener and healthier environment for generations to come.
Upskilling
The transition to a ‘green’ rail network demands a skilled workforce. Decarbonisation initiatives foster upskilling opportunities, enabling rail employees to gain expertise in new technologies and sustainable practices, enhancing their career prospects. More sustainable rail projects also create jobs in various sectors, from manufacturing and infrastructure development to renewable energy production, which supports local economies.
Investment
Decarbonisation attracts investment in the rail sector, both from the government and private sector. Funding and partnerships spur innovation, supporting the development of cutting-edge technologies and sustainable practices.
